Ubuntu matplotlib 中文显示

本文介绍了好几种解决matplotlib中文显示问题的方法。

系统环境：

• Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
• Python3.5 virtual environment
• jupyter notebook

  1st, install some Chinese fonts

在ubuntu下执行以下命令即可完成安装。

git clone https://github.com/tracyone/program_font && cd program_font && ./install.sh

Source:

https://github.com/monkey0105/program_font

2nd, delete matplotlib cache list

Delete file ~/.cache/matplotlib/fontList.py3k.cache

Use Ctrl+h to unhide the hidden files.

3rd, find available Chinese fonts both in matplotlib and ubuntu

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontManager
import subprocess

fm = FontManager()
mat_fonts = set(f.name for f in fm.ttflist)

output = subprocess.check_output(
    'fc-list :lang=zh -f "%{family}\n"', shell=True)
output = output.decode('utf-8')
# print '*' * 10, '系统可用的中文字体', '*' * 10
# print output
zh_fonts = set(f.split(',', 1)[0] for f in output.split('\n'))
available = mat_fonts & zh_fonts

print('*' * 10, '可用的字体', '*' * 10)
for f in available:
    print(f)

/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
  warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
  warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
  warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')
/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/font_manager.py:273: UserWarning: Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.
  warnings.warn('Matplotlib is building the font cache using fc-list. This may take a moment.')


********** 可用的字体 **********
YouYuan
KaiTi
SimHei
FangSong
YaHei Consolas Hybrid
Yahei Mono
Microsoft YaHei
LiSu

4th, find the directory of matplotlib font files

import matplotlib
matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()

'/home/katherine/venv/py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc'

If the output of the sentence above is

/home/katherine/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc

Then the font file would be

/home/katherine/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/

If there is no available font in the output of 3rd step, you need to copy one into the font file directory.

I copied /usr/share/fonts/MyFonts/YaHei.Consolas.1.11b.ttf to /home/katherine/anaconda3/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/.

This font file stands for font named YaHei Consolas Hybrid.

5th, edit file matplotlibrc

font.family : {zh_family}, serif

font.serif : {zh_family}, ..., serif

font.sans-serif: {zh_family}, ...

Copy one available font name, e.g. YaHei Consolas Hybrid, to the place of {zh_family}.

6th, check the result

%matplotlib inline

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from pylab import *
x = [2,4,6,8,10]
y = [1224,838,632,626,624]
xlabel(u"text for x轴")
ylabel(u"text for y轴")
title(u"x轴和Y轴对应关系")
plot(x,y)
savefig('test')
show()

Appendix

Method 1 - failed

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['YaHei Consolas Hybrid']
#plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 指定默认字体
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题
  
t = arange(-5*pi, 5*pi, 0.01)  
y = sin(t)/t  
plt.plot(t, y) 
plt.title(u'这里写的是中文')  
plt.xlabel(u'X坐标')  
plt.ylabel(u'Y坐标')  
plt.show()

from pylab import mpl
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['YaHei Consolas Hybrid'] # 指定默认字体
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题
  
t = arange(-5*pi, 5*pi, 0.01)  
y = sin(t)/t  
plt.plot(t, y)  
plt.title(u'这里写的是中文')  
plt.xlabel(u'X坐标')  
plt.ylabel(u'Y坐标')  
plt.show()

Method 2 - succeeded, but annoyed, and cannot do anything with axis tick label

from pylab import *  
myfont = matplotlib.font_manager.FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/MyFonts/YaHei.Consolas.1.11b.ttf')  
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  
t = arange(-5*pi, 5*pi, 0.01)  
y = sin(t)/t  
plt.plot(t, y)  
plt.title(u'这里写的是中文',fontproperties=myfont) #指定字体  
plt.xlabel(u'X坐标',fontproperties=myfont)  
plt.ylabel(u'Y坐标',fontproperties=myfont)  
plt.show()

Method in Seaborn

This method may succeed after succeed in matplotlib, and may fail if not.

import seaborn as sns
sns.set(font='YaHei Consolas Hybrid')